![]() This would protect India and key British sea trade routes by blocking Russia from gaining a port on the Persian Gulf or the Indian Ocean. Britain aimed to create a protectorate in Afghanistan, and support the Ottoman Empire, Persia, Khiva, and Bukhara as buffer states against Russian expansion. According to one major view, the Great Game started on 12 January 1830, when Lord Ellenborough, the president of the Board of Control for India, tasked Lord Bentinck, the governor-general, with establishing a trade route to the Emirate of Bukhara. At the south of this land, lay a fabled land of India, which was Russia’s original goal. There is little to wonder on the basis of why this region was contested throughout the following century. Central Asia was an influx of trade along the Silk Road, with the major cities of the region with great riches and markets. Khiva was a state in the bustling Central Asia, it was not the only one, however. These weren’t the first of Russian designs on India, the first being the 1717 expedition to Khiva by Alexander Bekovich, a officer of the renowned life guards regiment. Russia and Britain's 19th-century rivalry in Asia began with the planned Indian March of Paul and Russian invasions of Iran in 1804–18–1828, shuffling Persia into a competition between colonial powers. Russian war plans for India that were proposed but never materialised included the Duhamel and Khrulev plans of the Crimean War (1853–1856). Aware of the importance of India to the British, Russian efforts in the region often had the aim of extorting concessions from them in Europe, but after 1801, they had no serious intention of directly attacking India. As a result, Britain made it a high priority to protect all approaches to India, while Russia continued its military conquest of Central Asia. The Russian and British Empires also cooperated numerous times during the Great Game, including many treaties and the Afghan Boundary Commission.īritain feared Russia's southward expansion would threaten India, while Russia feared the expansion of British interests into Central Asia. However, the two nations battled in the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856, which affected the Great Game. ![]() Though the Great Game was marked by distrust, diplomatic intrigue, and regional wars, it never erupted into a full-scale war directly between Russian and British colonial forces. By the early 20th century, a line of independent states, tribes, and monarchies from the shore of the Caspian Sea to the Eastern Himalayas were made into protectorates and territories of the two empires. Russia conquered Turkestan, and Britain expanded and set the borders of British colonial India. The two colonial empires used military interventions and diplomatic negotiations to acquire and redefine territories in Central and South Asia. The Great Game was a rivalry between the 19th-century British and Russian Empires over influence in Central Asia, primarily in Afghanistan, Persia, and Tibet. ![]()
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